2.
   2024
/  

(  )
: 3     :70
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.               
2.     ?         
-
3.            
       
4.           
-
2.
5.        ?        
   
6.              
-
7.      ,       
8.   '  :
(i)    
(ii)     
2.
   2024
/  

(  )
: 3     :70
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.               
:           
        ,      
,  , ,           
                ' ,   
   ,            

 
   --        
1.      
1947  ,        ,    -   

     :
o    /   
o    
2.
o     
,          
   ,     '     - , 
   '
               
2.     (1947)
1947    ,             ,   
  
  
       
    
      
   :
     
 
    
             ' 
 
3.     (1947–1956)
  ,        
 :
    ,     
-   -     
       
   ,        
2.
4.  (     )  
1948 ,       
 :
  , , 
,  ,    
      
      
 , 1950     ,       :
1.   
2. 
5.    (1956)
  , 1956    
 ?
     
  ,    
    
,      - 
6.      , 1966
           
:
         
         
       
  , 1966:
           
:
2.
     
       
    
         
              
7. 1966      
1966  ,       '    
 :
    
   -  
   23  
 :
       :
o 
o 
o 
      :
 
  
 
8.    

        :
    
    :
o 
o  
o  
2.
         ,     

9.   
    :
   -  
-    
      
    '  
         
10.      
       
:
       
 
      
 
    
        

  ,              
,         -  ,   , 
                1966    -
            
2.
2.     ?         
:🌱  : 
         
      
 ,      
    '  ,      
       
 ,    ,  
        
              :
         
  -   
       
       
 ,      
        
  ,     
 
🌾   
,  "   "   ,  '     
   , ,          
 ,      ,         
     ,         
🌊  
     :
 : , , 
- : ,       
  (, , ):  -     
           
🛠 -   
        :
  :      -  1,800  

  :           3,800

2.
 : 
           7,200
 
        :
/ 
 
 
 
 (  )
  
 
      ,       
 
🌟    
        
 -      
     :
   :           
 :        
 
    :       ,   

 
   :       
 
   ,           - 
   

     ,        :
 :      -     ,  
   
 :       
 
-  :     
 
-      :     
        
📊:    
 (, , , )
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2.
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   (1800 )    (7200 )
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   (3800)    
( , , , )
🎯 
 '              ,  
     ,   ,        

  ,         ,      
 ,         
-
3.            
       
:       :     
       , , ,   - 
        
      
       ,      ,  
  ,           
                 
                ,  
          ,       
   
  ,           
  
   
               ' 

 ,   ' , , ,  -,    
              
        ,       
2.
  ,            
     ,          
         
     
     
         
         
     
(       )     (  
   )   
1.      
        ,     
:
    
   
    
     ,     ,   
  '           
       
2.   
                 
       :
     
 
      
       
 , -          ,  
        
3.   
       :
2.
 -     
        
        
             

 
4.     
 ,                
                  :
    
    
         
         
 
5.    
        :
  
      
    
              ,
    
 
6.     
      :
  
  
    
   
2.
                
     
       
               
 
1.     
            :
     
     
      
         
2.     
        
 :

 
 
     ,           
3.     
      :
 
- 
  
 -           
2.
 
1.  
              , 
 :
   
   
    
               
2.    
      :
 '  
 
    
  ,            
3.  '  
       :
  
   
              

         
4.  
        :
2.
   
     

      
      

 ,     ,      
       ,       
              
  
 ,   ,      
             
  '        ,     
              
            
4.           
:🌾  :   
  "  "  "    "       

      
 -             
    ,             
     ,           
 ,          
🌱     
1.     
   -       
  (  )    
 ()  ( )       1960   
     ,  -   ,   
   
👉:            
2.
2.   
          
,   ,     
  
 '          
👉         
3.  
           
,       
         
      
   
👉         
4. 
          
          
  ,       
👉       
5.  
    - (  ) 
   
   '    
 
   (  )      
 
👉    ,    
6.    
        
 , ,      
        
 
2.
7.     
             
 
         40-50%   
 
          
     
        ,        
      
1.    '   
-    -    
       
     
   -   
👉       ,           
2.    
               
          
          
👉  " "        
3.   
             
   
   
  
👉    -    
4.  
  (      )        
2.
  ,      
     
👉       
 
5.   
   ,         
     
        
👉         
6.  
   ,    
  
-   (MSP)  
 
  -
👉            
7.   
           
  (   )       
        
8.   
           
      
 
   
9.  
 ,  ,  - /    
      ,      
 
        
2.
👉      
🎯 
               , 
     ,         
,    '   ,     ,    
   
      
-
5.        ?        
   
:1.         ?
              
              

   () '     ,   ,     ' -
    
 ,     '         
2.     
             -
      :
()   ()  
       
 ,   ,              
 ,            
         ,       
 ,        
👉       
2.
()  
   :
o   (20°C–30°C)
o  
o    
   ,     ,      
 
()      
             
 
   
       

,       
(d)   
    , ,         
            ,   
     
 
(e)  
               
  
   -   ' 
 ,       -
  
(f)  
           
            
(g)  
2.
 ,             
         -   
    
(h)  
   :
o   -   (MSP)
o     
o     
3.       
      
     '     
 
     :
    '           ,     
 :






 
   :
   
   
  
  :
   
,    
      20-30     
             
2.
       ,      ,  
     
4.      
     ,            :
()      
           
     ,          
()   
           
,   -     
 
(c)    
    '   (4-6 )    
     ,  :
o    
o    
()    
             
           
(e)    
             
    
            
2.
(f)  
        
       :
o    
o  
(g)   
           
            
5. 
 ,         -  ,    '
  ,  , ,  ,     '  
               
,       ,        
    ,  ,  ,     
   
6.              
:🚚🚆  -         
,   "  "   ,          
       '          
 ,    '             
                 

              , 
 
   , ,  ,        
   
         
🌱     
  
2.
           :
        
       
       
     
          
            ,    
                

🛣    
               ,  ,
        ,  ,     
 :
1.  : NH-1 (-), NH-44,  NH-3   
, ,         
2.     :    ()     ,
  
          
3.    :  --  
     ,           
  :
 :            (FCI) 
        
 : ,  "  "   , , 
             
 
 : ,           
 
    ,          
   
👉      ,        
 
 
🚆    
       ,        
        ,   , , , 
     
2.
 :
1.   :    -         ,
         
2.  :  , ,        -
 
3.    :      ,   
      
  :
 : ,      -   
          
  :          ,
          
 :            

      
👉 -,   '    ,      
   
 
🌟     
        
           
 ,           
    
    
-   
 
        
          
  
  
    ,           :
1.  '   :  '        

 
2. :        ,       
3.  :           
4.    :  -    ,    

2.
5.  :          ,   
  
🎯 
              -  - 
          ,   
 
               ,
      
    ,      
   
 ,        
   
-
7.      ,       
:🌾    ,    
  "   "   ,     
             -
  ,              
 ,    ,     ( ),      
       ,    -  
,   
      
📍1.   
      "  "  "  "    , 
      
        
  -    
    :
o 
o 
o  (  ')
       
             
     
2.
2.    
      
  -  ,   
        ,   :
    -   
       -     
 :
o 
o 
o    
,       :
          
              
          
  ,   -     ,       
    
 
🌳3.   
  ,     ,        , 
     
  ():
     
 :
o 
o 
o 
o 
 :
   
    :
o 🌾
2.
o 🌾
o 
  :
o   -
o   
o   
 ,              
🌿 
📍1.   
       :

= 

= 
 ,     "   "
      
2.
       
  :
o 
o 
o  
o    
               ' 

2.    
           
    :
     
   
       ,        
 
      
 :
  (    )     
o  
o     
   ,   "  "   
🌳3.   
    ,        
  ():
   
 :
o 
o 
o 
2.
o 
 :
   
 :
o 
o 
o 
o 
   :
o   -
o   
o   
     ,           
    
🔍  (  )




  
  

-- 
  
  
   
    

 ,  
     
   
 
  
🧾
                 
  
   ,        
     ,     
    
   ,       
  -  , 
,        ,      
                 
'     
 
2.
8.   '  :
(i)    
(ii)     
:🌆    🏭    
    ,           
   ,           , 
                 
    ,   ,        
(i)🌆   
📍  
          ""     
"    "   , ,     (
  )    
  ',             , 
          
🌟   
1.            
 ,    ,        
2.         ,      
            ,  
 ,  ,      
3.          , 
,            
  -   
4.            ,  
                -,
      
5.               
   ,         
🏙  
  : ,       
2.
 :        ,   "
"   
 :  ,       
 
 :          
  
    
 :   - ,         
 : -       ,  
      
  :    ,        
    
 :       -  
 
👉 ,      
       
         
(ii)🏭    
📍  
          , ,  , ,  
              ,  
  
      ,     ,  
    
🌟    
1.              
   
2.      -        
 ,      
3.           
  
4.              

5.      ,    ,  
  
🏭   
2.
  :        " 
"   
   :  ,      
  
 :       ,       
 
   :          
- :    ,  ,      
     
:  -          

 :            
   " "   
-   '   :       
 '        
 :          
  
 :    -,      
     
👉              
   
🎯 
     
 -    -  
  
    ,       
,           
  
    ,      
    ,          
"              
 
       ,       
 "